LABOR: Anna Laura Martinez, a student at UC Santa Cruz, pulls weeds in Shafter, Calif., where families evicted from a garden in South L.A. are now raising vegetables. They hope to make their spread in nearby Buttonwillow a working farm in two years.
Evicted two years ago from a controversial inner-city garden, they're putting down roots in a tiny town west of Bakersfield.
By Steve Chawkins, Los Angeles Times Staff Writer
April 28, 2008
BUTTONWILLOW, CALIF. -- -- To keep them from being booted off their inner-city garden plots, actress Daryl Hannah occupied the upper reaches of a walnut tree. Joan Baez showed up to sing for them. The land's owner called them squatters, but Hollywood hailed them as urban heroes. Sheriff's deputies and police officers in riot gear moved them out anyway.
Two years later, some of the evicted farmers from the former South Central Community Garden are among the newest landowners in this tiny town west of Bakersfield. With the help, they say, of a nonprofit foundation, they've bought 85 brush-dotted acres 130 miles north of the once-lush plots they tended on a sprawling lot in one of L.A.'s poorest neighborhoods.
Their Buttonwillow spread won't be a working farm for two years -- but for now, a couple of dozen stalwarts from the embattled old garden raise vegetables on a leased field a few miles away in Shafter. Every Friday night, some make the long commute from Los Angeles in an old school bus they bought on Craigslist. After tending the crops and bunking in a rented house, they head back over the Grapevine with boxes of organic spinach, kale, carrots, beets -- a cornucopia bound for farmers markets throughout the city.
"Sure it seems unlikely," said one of the group's leaders, an aerospace engineer who goes by the name Tezozomoc. "But if we could farm in South-Central, is it so strange to do it here?"
Tezozomoc's father, Felipe Torres, was one of the original South Los Angeles farmers. Even as he lay dying of complications from diabetes, his son said, he would ask whether his garden was getting enough water.
"I didn't have the heart to tell him we were kicked out," Tezozomoc said.
Wearing a broad-brimmed straw hat and a flannel shirt, he paced through row after row of sprouting vegetables one recent Saturday. Here he pointed out the China rose radishes that are favored for dim sum pancakes. There, he stooped to tear off the crinkled, sweet, dark-green leaf of a Bloomsdale spinach.
"It's our hottest product," he said, scrutinizing a leaf sturdy enough to keep its shape under a drizzle of salad dressing. "The French chefs come by looking for it."
A former linguistics graduate student who named himself after an Aztec historian, Tezozomoc approaches farming with academic zeal, enthusiastically citing such sources as Hay and Forage Grower magazine. To describe workers pitching in together, he speaks of "collectivizing our economic base and leveraging our human capital." To explain how they ask $2 for a bag of produce instead of charging by weight, he talks about a "simplified pricing model."
Whatever the jargon, the group sells weekly at farmers markets in Watts, Leimert Park, Atwater and Hollywood, as well as at a monthly tianguis, or marketplace, set up outside the 14 acres they once farmed at 41st and Alameda streets.
At the Hollywood market, consumers chose them above some 90 other vendors for a "best variety" award last year.
Far down the field in Buttonwillow, half a dozen volunteers from MEChA, the Chicano student group, struggled with shovels and endless sheets of black plastic they were rolling out to keep the weeds down. Beside them were former regulars at the old South-Central farm, including cousins each named Miguel Tomas.
Middle-aged garment workers in Los Angeles, the two Miguels were among the 350 people who tilled cilantro, camomile, lemons, avocados, sugar cane, bananas, guavas, peaches and nopal cactus on what was described as the largest urban farm in the U.S. While a legal appeal of their eviction is pending, many of the farmers have put down roots in other community gardens around the city.
Still, the notion of a full-scale organic farm has drawn a few all the way out to Buttonwillow.
"Working out here, you get even younger," joked 54-year-old Miguel Tomas -- the older cousin -- as he dug his shovel into the soil. "It's important that people see we're not defeated."
For a while, the group worked some land in Fresno. But it was too far from L.A., and gas ate up more than half their revenue. Then, tending a plot closer to Bakersfield, they were spotted by a local landowner who couldn't help but notice workers hunched over row crops in an area dominated by cotton and alfalfa.
"I saw them working weekends, and they reminded me of myself when I started out," said Carlos Gomez, who immigrated to the U.S. from Mexico in 1974. "Any time I see someone working like they did, I'm interested."
Gomez advised the weekend farmers on drainage, soil and seeds. He even used some old parts to build them a piece of tilling equipment they couldn't afford to buy.
Meanwhile, Tezozomoc said, a foundation offered the group -- formally called the South Central Los Angeles Health and Education Fund -- a low-interest loan toward the purchase of the Buttonwillow property. He would not disclose the size of the loan, saying it could affect the ongoing lawsuit over the South L.A. eviction. The foundation, a Central Valley nonprofit that focuses on grass-roots economic initiatives, insists on anonymity, Tezozomoc said.
Set at the end of a dirt road that winds through oat fields and pistachio groves, the land was last farmed about eight years ago and looks rough, arid and, except for two donated mobile homes, empty. It has a good well but needs a $100,000 agricultural water pump, Tezozomoc said.
"You see it and it looks bare," he said. "But I see a farm."
It looks nothing like the 14 acres that bloomed in South Los Angeles.
In a busy industrial area, the land had been a flash point for years. In 1986, the city used eminent domain to seize it from its owner, Ralph Horowitz, to build a trash incinerator there. But neighborhood opposition sank the city's plan, and after the 1992 Rodney King riots, the Los Angeles Food Bank opened it up for community farming.
As the property grew into an inner-city oasis, Horowitz won a court order allowing him to buy it back. But by that time, the site had long since been transformed into a source of pride as well as produce, and the farmers were reluctant to leave.
In 2006, a $16-million foundation-financed offer for the property collapsed, with Horowitz complaining that he had been demonized and subjected to anti-Semitic slurs. The farmers disavowed the slurs, saying they came from a website not affiliated with them.
More than 40 people were arrested during the farmers' eventual eviction. From her tree, Hannah called the conflict "a situation of the needy versus the greedy."
Weeks later, protesters immobilized a land-clearing bulldozer by stuffing a zucchini into its exhaust pipe. At a one-year eviction anniversary, Tezozomoc described the land as "culturally castrated and spiritually raped."
Hard feelings linger.
Mark Williams, a South Los Angeles neighborhood activist, blamed the farm's death on the farmers themselves, saying their leaders bullied them and their tactics were needlessly confrontational.
"It was a disaster," he said. "Now we've got a huge vacant lot smack in the middle of a community that needs open space."
The farmers blame Horowitz and Jan Perry, a city councilwoman they see as his ally. Perry, who denied any involvement in Horowitz's decision, said the site's development would provide jobs to people in her job-starved South L.A. district.
Meanwhile, the farmers await a ruling on their appeal. They contend that the city sold the land back to Horowitz in an illegitimate sweetheart deal that cost the public at least $8 million.
Horowitz said that he, too, looked forward to the ruling. Until it comes down, he said, building on his property would be risky.
As for the farmers' venture in Kern County, he cast it as the American dream made right: "They're paying a mortgage and they're working a piece of real estate zoned agricultural? Then they've finally gotten where they belong."
About the CIW: After 2 successful campaigns--one against Taco Bell and the other against McDonald's-- the CIW is now targeting Burger King. But Burger King is not only denying their responsibility for the subpoverty wages and sweatshop conditions faced by farmworkers in their tomato supply chain, they are also working with tomato growers to take away what was won with Taco Bell and McDonald's.
Burger King denies farmworker poverty and modern-day slavery, even though at the end of November another case of slavery was uncovered in Immokalee and is currently in federal court-- a case that involves over a dozen workers that were forced to work against their will, chained and locked in a u-haul truck at night, and beaten when they tried to escape. The CIW has launched a national petition campaign to gather signatures from all over the country to take to Burger King at the end of April. In the same way that abolitionists in Britain and the U.S. did petition drives and boycotted sugar and other products produced by slaves, 200 years later the CIW is launching a similar campaign to end modern-day slavery in the fields today.
Criticism of Tesco includes allegations of stifling competition due to its undeveloped "land bank",[66] pugilistically aggressive new store development without real consideration of the wishes, needs and consequences to local communities,[67] using cheap and/or child labour,[68][69] opposition to its move into the convenience sector[70] and breaching planning laws.[71]
A recent criticism from 2007 occurred when Tesco failed to deliver groceries via online shopping to a university campus in Sussex, offering no refund or apology. This sparked a local backlash from many customers who had similar dissatisfying experiences with Tesco's online delivery service.[72]
In Thailand Alexander Winstone was arrested for threatening to inject HIV infected blood into Tesco beef steaks because Tesco refused to stop poisoning stray dogs that ventured into its carparks in Thailand.[73]
In 2003 a major controversy erupted when a Tesco worker was arrested for using industrial floor cleaner to poison Twix products in a Bangkok branch of Tesco. A British national was one of the victims.[74]
Despite practising a 'One in front' policy, in December 2006 The Grocer magazine published a study which named Tesco as having the slowest checkouts of the six major supermarkets. Somerfield had the shortest queues with an average wait of 4 min 23 seconds. In order of least time spent at the checkout, the other major supermarkets were Waitrose, Sainsbury's, Asda, Morrisons and Tesco.[75]
The Grocer also named ASDA as the cheapest UK supermarket (based on 33 items). Tesco was second and Sainsbury's and Morrisons joint third.[75] Tesco price check tends to differ saying out of 7134 (compared to ASDA) products, (Survey carried out between 09 July2007 and 11 July2007) Tesco is cheaper:1835 (compared to 1251 the previous week), Tesco is more expensive:975 (compared to 984 the previous week) and Tesco is the same price: 4324 (compared to 4996 the previous week).[76]
Tesco received criticism for bureaucratic and inflexible parking systems in its Bloomfield store in Dublin, Ireland. [77]
The grocer may be missing sales targets by as much as 70%, analysts believe. It's optimistic but suspends store openings.
By Jerry Hirsch
Los Angeles Times Staff Writer
April 1, 2008
Fresh isn't turning out to be all that easy.
With much fanfare, British retailer Tesco this fall billed its Fresh & Easy Neighborhood Market chain of small grocery stores as a fresher, more convenient alternative to large supermarkets when it opened its first stores in Southern California.
Nearly six months later, it looks as though many shoppers aren't buying it. The chain remains optimistic but says it is suspending the opening of U.S. stores for three months.
At the same time, financial analysts believe the Brits may be missing their sales targets by as much as 70%, but the company maintains a stiff upper lip.
"We are encouraged. Every week we see more customers and higher sales," said Simon Uwins, Fresh & Easy's marketing chief. He declined to discuss specific sales figures.
But many customers, competitors, grocery experts and financial analysts say they are not convinced that the much-ballyhooed British invasion of Southern California has been a success -- at least so far.
Fresh & Easy plans to open two stores in the coming weeks, bringing its total to 61 in the Southwest, with 31 in Southern California. But then the chain plans to put a halt on store openings until July.
"We need a time to settle the business and kick the tires," Uwins said.
Shoppers vary widely in their impressions. Some customers like the selection, the prices and the convenient locations. Others say they can't find the products and brands they want and they see no reason to change their shopping habits.
At the store in east Long Beach recently, there were almost as many Fresh & Easy employees as there were shoppers. Meanwhile, at two other nearby supermarkets, customers waited at check stands two to three deep with stuffed shopping carts. The Fresh & Easy competes head-on with Stater Bros. and Albertsons, all located at the intersection of Palo Verde Avenue and Spring Street.
"I know there is a Fresh & Easy across the street, but I like the prices at Stater Bros. and the selection works for our family," said Bill Mattingly of Long Beach as he finished shopping at the Stater Bros.